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What is Digital Marketing

 What is Digital Marketing

hi welcome to this module which is an

introduction to digital marketing do any

of these icons look familiar to you did

you google something today or check your

facebook maybe did you see that funny

video which went viral yesterday or did

you read the tweet by that famous

cricketer if you did then you are a part

of the digital world along with 3

billion other people which is 40 percent

of the world's population wow that's a

large number and wherever there a huge

number of people there is huge marketing

opportunity which is what digital

marketing is all about at the end of

this video you will be able to

understand what digital marketing is it

scope the channels identify the need to

go digital why companies have to include

digital marketing as part of their

overall marketing strategy and of course

the basic objectives are digital

marketing what it's used for

as I mentioned before there are three

billion people who are online today

which is close to 40% of the world's

population who are these people

what are they doing how are they doing

it we'll take a look at that

62% of these people are browsing the

internet through their computers or

desktops 31% which is again a huge

number are doing school through mobile

devices through their mobile phones the

smartphone revolution has made this

possible and 7% do so through tablets

you will be surprised to know that off

the total time spent on media on

electronic media or otherwise 54% of the

time is spent on online media

to 4% that people spend on online media

28% the social marketing which is in

most cases Facebook 13% is micro

blogging which again is about Twitter

and the rest of the activities are a mix

of updating blogs reading news watching

TV or online and other activities

what is this translate when people are

spending so much time on media there is

huge opportunity for you to reach out to

them during that time

and this is a result if you will see

this graph you will notice that budgets

for paid search advertising and display

advertising both of which are

fundamentals of digital marketing have

been increasing over the years this year

it is estimated that there will be a

spend of 126 billion dollars the

increase in digital spend is almost

three times increase in the total ad

expenditure for marketing when we spoke

about search advertising where is this

money being spent this again is related

to where is the time being spent this

graph shows you that the Google search

engine has a largest chunk followed by

Baidu and Yahoo and Bing

when people invest on search advertising

they put up ads on the search Network

I'll show you what I'm talking about

this is a Google search engine results

page for a query office box for women

you will notice that apart from the

organic stuff that you see on the page

actually which is way down the page the

ads dominate the page

these are sponsored results and you will

see a slightly yellowish orange tag

indicating that they are ads what

happens if I have found a website that I

want to go to and then I leave the

search engine page this is what happens

in this case I was looking for sites

about cakes and baking and I came to

this website but there's an opportunity

for me to see an ad here as well so

there you go how's this for intention a

as you saw in a previous slide 28

percent of your time is spent on social

media which in most cases is

predominantly Facebook but Facebook has

space for ads too in this example you

can see ads or furniture for child wear

and for sunglasses email marketing is

another important branch have you ever

got emails about luhan's or construction

of you houses or about eBay or Amazon in

a new office if you have you know what

I'm talking about

why are three billion people online what

is this thing about digital media that

is attracting everyone let's see that in

detail

or a user the digital media offers

multiple channels and devices to do what

they want to do they have a wide range

of sites the social media to connect

with to maintain relationships this

cross device integration you can start

on a desktop go through a mobile and end

on your tab

there's also better decision-making this

huge number of choices wanna buy a bag

there ten sites that'll offer you one

with five sites probably offering you

better discounts than what you can get

at the store

and of course they are easy to buy and

return you're going to come home and

deliver to you and if you want to return

it in most cases they gonna pick it up

as well and of course with one it's

another payment gateways buying online

is easier than ever before for a

marketer there are loads of reasons

relevance I will compare this aspect to

traditional advertising if you are

driving down a road and you see a

hoarding about let's say jewelry you may

or may not be wanting to buy jewelry at

that point you may not have the money

for it or may not be in a mode for it

but if you are looking online and say

want to buy your rings online I want to

buy jewelry online and you see ads that

are relevant to you from a jewelry store

that has an extremely high degree of

relevance as compared to the hoarding

that you see on the road

personalization

cases Google and Facebook and other

sites that you use collect a lot of

information about you which is legal but

they can use this information to create

a better advertising experience for you

you can even see emails where your name

is highlighted for example I see emails

that read hello Jasmine would you like a

loan today or you could see ads that

could be based on your previous browsing

history if you have been shopping for

diapers for your kid you could see ads

that say maybe you should buy a new

diaper back again

effectiveness is a big driver for

digital marketing traditional media over

time has become super expensive placing

an ad in the newspaper or buying a

holding for a month is a large outlay of

money whereas digital marketing can

probably started off with one tenth of

that investment the digital media is

also an extremely measurable medium

going back to the example of the road

and hoarding you may not have an exact

count of how many people actually saw

the ad on the touring you will not know

how many people went into your store

because of that wording and you will

never know how many people bought that

particular item because of what they saw

on that particular Road unless of course

that was the only marketing media that

you were using at that point of time but

digital media you can track this to the

very last click you will know how many

people came to your site from where they

came what they saw on your site and what

they bought what was the value of that

purchase and will they come back again

you can track that as well

Digital campaigns are extremely scalable

campaigns if I create a campaign for the

US today I can easily replicate it for

India tomorrow there is no permissions

involved there's no time involved it's

all done within a few clicks how engaged

can you be with the holding on the road

can you talk to it and you change it you

can't but you can be super engaged with

an interactive ad that you see on a

website we will see examples later where

you can actually make the ad work for

you you can make characters in the ads

do different things by clicking a mouse

around that is engagement what do I mean

by a level playing field if I were a

small little business obviously I will

not have the monies involved to compete

with a large player a national player

but you can do so in digital marketing

you can actually decide where your ads

will show to how many people they will

show and if your ads are of high quality

you might actually end up paying lesser

then the bigger players in your market

and of course there is the ability to go

viral

how many of your friends ever passed

down a paper cutting to you and said wow

look at this ad not likely but a lot of

them must have shared a wonderful ad on

their Facebook profiles and that

multiplies that is free advertising

let's look at the objectives of digital

marketing

driving sales and leads this is direct

response marketing where your campaigns

will get people to buy something from

your website in some cases they may not

want to buy something but probably

convert to a lead where they will sign

up or a coat or sign up for a

subscription if you're a small brand

that nobody knows about

or if a huge plan but introducing a new

product a new addition to your product

line and you want to increase brand

awareness digital marketing is the

answer for businesses that are not

really selling a product and don't need

sales or leads or not advertising a

product but just want people to come to

this site could be a new site could be a

blog about cooking could be something

about the environment that you want to

talk about basically you're driving

people to your site and this can be done

to digital marketing user behavior is an

important factor in advertising there is

a difference between how it is treated

in traditional media and digital media

let's look at a few factors that matter

in digital marketing

page of results there's a funny quote

that I read the other day that the best

place to bury somebody is on the second

page of results because they're never

going to be found if you are not in the

first page of a search engines results

nobody is ever going to click in and see

your ads so it's important to be in the

midst of action which is on the first

page

first fold is that part of the website

that you see without scrolling down

again most people are not involved

enough to scroll down and therefore if

you want your message to be heard it's

important to be in the first fold

we need a right mix of text and images

too much text will make it look like a

newspaper too bookish too much images

will look like clutter in fact there's a

term called banner blindness where the

brain is attuned to tuning out stuff

which looks like too much of ads so you

need to have the right mix of text and

images clarity of content somebody who

comes to your website needs to

understand what your website is all

about he shouldn't have to be clicking

through five or six links to get a gist

or what your site is about it needs to

be there upfront clear and easy to

understand a call to action is a signal

to the user about what he has to do what

do you want people to do when they come

to your site do you want them to buy

something do you want them to sign up

somewhere do you want them to give them

your email id what do you want them to

do unless you tell them clearly they are

not going to be able to understand quick

and easy navigation is very important

fact have you ever been to websites but

you try hitting the back button and you

come back out of the site if you have

that's terrible is it it a user needs to

understand how he can move from one page

on the site to another

a prominent back button a home button

all this will help

security security is a major concern

because there's lots of commercial

transactions happening on the web you

put in your credit card details you

don't want to be fished but you don't

want to end up spending a lot of money

unintentionally the security is

important in US resources in creating a

secure atmosphere for your users

responsiveness in this world of social

media but people expect you to talk back

to them brands have a very important

responsibility of responding back to the

user if somebody posts on a brand's page

that I didn't get this product or it was

bad it becomes important for the brand

to respond back and say we're sorry we

will look into it if you don't that

leaves a very bitter taste in the users

mouth so watch out for responsiveness

that brings us to the end of this model

let's take a look at what we learned

we learned that exponential growth and

digital highway or the digital world is

a huge opportunity for marketers users

can be reached in various channels

search display social media email

marketing and more

the benefits of digital marketing are

numerous of your important ones are

relevance measure ability and

scalability the main objectives

additional marketing and driving sales

and leads clicks to your site or

increasing brand awareness and finally

we learned about how user behavior in

the digital world is different from the

traditional world and what this sets

expectations for what factors are

important when you look at a digital

marketing campaign

thank you

What is Networking

 What is Networking

Hello and welcome to the Network

Direction video channel. What you've found

here is the start of a new group of

videos designed to help you understand

the foundations of Networking. If you're

new to networking or studying for a

certification like CCNA, Network + or JN

CIA

this is a great place to start. For the

first few videos I'm going to assume

that you have no networking experience.

My goal is to create a solid foundation

for you to build on. In this video we're

going to start with understanding what a

network actually is and some of the

network types you'll see. We will follow up

in part two with a look at how a network

may be cabled and get an overview of

addresses.

If you like this video please, let me

know with the like button.

It's important to me to know if I'm on

the right track with my videos so a

comment would be helpful too. If you want to see more, please use the subscribe and

notification buttons. Now if you're ready

let's start right at the beginning.

What is a Network?

So maybe you already know what a network is.

Maybe you've built your own network

at home or help someone to run the

network at school or at your job. That's

okay I don't want to bore you so if this

applies to you I would like to give you

this challenge pause the video and think

of a good description of what a network

is if you've come up with something

you're happy with well done feel free to

skip ahead otherwise stay with me and

I'll see if I can come up with something

for you at work or home you have a bunch

of devices computers printers TVs and so

on you connect these by means of a

network when the devices are connected

they're able to share data this could be

sending a print job to a printer sending

an email or streaming video this can

also be used for sharing an internet

connection

mostly network users are unaware of the

network they're using as long as they

can browse the Internet do their job

browse YouTube they're usually fine for

all of these devices to communicate they

need to be connected together somehow

one way sir plug cables into the devices

and connect them to another device

called a switch an example is in a

school's computer lab in this case a

computer in the lab connects to a wall

socket with a cable another cable runs

through the wall which comes out at a

patch panel this may be in a cabinet on

the wall somewhere in the room or in

another room entirely the port on the

patch panel then connects to the switch

you might have a switch at home too most

homes don't have wall sockets so devices

are connected directly to the switch

we'll talk more about how switches work

later we can also connect devices

wirelessly a common way to do this is to

use a wireless access point a wireless

network like this is also called Wi-Fi

an example of this is if you have a

tablet it is impractical to cable it in

so Wireless is a good option the access

point is like a switch without cables

more than one device can connect to the

access point over time but without the

messy cabling the access point can also

be connected to the switch with a cable

this way wired and wireless devices can

all be part of the same network having

both wired switches and wires access

points gives you more connection options

imagine you have a laptop in an office

you may connect it to the network with a

cable when you're at your desk when you

have a meeting in the conference room

you remove the cable and connect to

Wi-Fi where the wired or wireless the

goal of the network is to move

information from one device to another

for this to work the sender and the

receiver must understand each other they

need to speak the same language in the

network speaking the same language means

that devices agree on how data is sent

received organized and handled basically

they agree on a process that they all

follow it's a bit like filling out

paperwork this is called a protocol a

lot of different protocols are used

depending on what's needed at the time

network software and hardware are

designed with these protocols in mind

you will hear of protocols like Ethernet

and TCP which are used for sending and

receiving data you may also hear of

protocols like HTTP which is used for

accessing the web and SMTP which is used

for email usually several protocols are

used together to achieve a task we look

at protocols further in future videos

in summary networks are used to connect

devices together devices use the network

to communicate and to share information

to share information devices need to

speak the same language this language is

called a protocol which is a set of

instructions of how to handle the

information

we're going to start with some simple

questions to get the brain working

firstly what are the two ways computers

can connect to the network to follow on

from that what devices do they usually

connect to and finally how many

protocols are used when one computer

accesses another computer when you're

ready to see the answers follow the link

at the bottom of the screen that works

connect devices you could call devices

on the network nodes nodes may include

devices that help control the traffic

flowing through a network like switches

and routers nodes also include end

points or hosts these are devices that

send and receive the bulk of the traffic

this includes workstations servers

printers and so on now works come in

different sizes a network at home is an

example of a small network these

networks usually only have a few nodes

this is called a Soho Network Soho means

small office home office these networks

typically have a couple of computers a

printer a few phones and tablets some

devices will be wireless and some are

connected to a switch this might be a

good time to mention that people often

say hub when they mean switch you can

see why of course as the switch looks

like a central hub in a Soho Network but

please keep in mind that switches and

hubs are very different things

hubs are really old technology that you

generally don't see anymore outside of a

museum while switches are modern and

commonly used they look very similar so

it's easy to mix them up have a look at

the model number to see if it gives you

any clues about what the device really

is in a Soho Network a router is used to

connect to the internet you might find

that the router switch

access point are all integrated into one

device

also her network will only have a few

devices a corporation for example the

bank will have many devices this is

called an enterprise network

the enterprise network may cover several

floors in a building there may also have

several office buildings in different

cities or even across different

countries an internet provider has a

very large network this is called a

service provider network not only do

they provide Internet access

they also offer services to connect

their customers together consider the

bank with offices all around the country

the service provider uses part of their

network to join these officers together

when devices are collected into a local

area we call this a local area network

or LAN the land may be a small network

in a Soho Network the LAN is the switch

with the handful of devices connected or

the land may be part of a bigger network

like an enterprise network this network

may have many switches routers and

access points depending on their needs

think of the bank from before they have

an office with several floors you could

consider the whole building as a LAN or

more likely the network is broken up

into smaller parts perhaps there is a

separate network on each floor each of

these could also be called the LAN these

separate LANs may be connected together

but we'll talk more about that later but

a banks network is going to be larger

than just one building banks have

offices all over the country and all

over the world even though they are far

apart these networks can be joined

together this is called a win or wide

area network imagine for a moment that

you work for a company with an office in

Sydney and an office in Melbourne you

could contact a service provider and

they can connect these officers for you

where's there a topic all of their own

so we'll cover them in detail in a later

video

let's take a moment for a quick summary

all networks are different and this

includes their size a Soho Network is

very small

while an enterprise network may be very

large of course your network could fit

in anywhere in between a LAN or local

area network is a collection of network

devices in a local area like a single

building a when or wide area network

connects networks that are far apart and

once again it's time to get the brain

working here's something to think about

you work for a company that has a

finance division an engineering division

and an admin division each group have

their own network and the networks are

joined together is this network still a

LAN or is it something else entirely the

company grows and adds a retail division

in addition to the head office there is

now six branch offices what type of

network is this as before go to the link

below to see the answers

I hope you've enjoyed part one of this

series join me in part two where we'll

have a look at different types of

cabling the Ethernet protocol and a bit

of an introduction into network

addressing if you found this helpful

subscribe and click the notification

button also if you liked it please click

the like button and tell me what you

thought in the comments

what is server

 

in this video we will study about web

server

and application server and this video

will hopefully clear some of your doubts

regarding web server and application

server

so let's begin what is a web server

web server is a computer system

that hosts websites so what do you mean

by websites

it's a collection of web pages

so for example when you open amazon.com

it's a website and it does not have a

single web page but it has multiple web

pages

so when you open it you see the home web

page

but when you click on a product you will

be uh

taken towards a different web page that

will be the product web page

and there you will see multiple things

the image of the product info

and even recommendations so that means

website and then any computer system can

be a web server

what is the difference between a normal

computer system

and a web server so the difference is

that

this computer system is running a web

server software

for example apache http

web server this is the most popular one

today as of now

then we have microsoft iis and some

others

so is this the only difference that

computer system

and a computer system running web server

software

no there is one more difference and the

second is that

this computer system should be connected

to internet

in order to act as a web server

otherwise

uh clients web clients cannot contact it

through http

so it may not be able to it will not be

able to serve those

so it will not be acting as a web server

so it should be connected to internet

and it should be running a web server

software

so uh typically web servers host

multiple websites

some only host a few while others may

host several hundreds

but there are some dedicated servers

also

so based on that we will categorize a

web server

into two parts one is that web servers

that host websites for multiple users

these are called shared hosts

and there are some dedicated uh web

servers that will be hosting uh

websites for single person or company

and these will be called

dedicated hosts

so which servers are shared and which

are dedicated

so when let's say there is some personal

website

or some small websites which

does not have huge amount of traffic

then those who

would be uh generally hosted on shared

hosts

but uh if there is a huge website and it

has

a high traffic then that requires

a dedicated server for that and also if

the sites require custom server

modification then it will go for

dedicated hosts now uh let's understand

how this web server works

so if we have a web server let's

say this is the web server then there

must be a client

client whom the server is serving so we

will call it

web client so this client

sends an http request to the web server

and it will request for some page or it

will require for some other resources

so there are two possibilities one

possibility is that the

requested url the page that is requested

or the file that is requested

is present with the web server then it

will immediately send

a http response with the file

but it may be possible that that is not

present on the web server

so it can look into a static

database so these are files that is

present to this

then there may be also static database

which the web server can contact and

fetch the file

and return to the send http response but

there may be scenario that

this is not present in the staticdb but

it needs some processing

then what this web server will do is

that it will

send a servlet request to the

application server so you can now see

application server coming into

picture it will send a

servlet request

to application server so just a quick

info what is a servlet if you may be

wondering a servlet is a small java

program that runs with a web server

servlets receive and respond to requests

from web clients usually across

http so these will be some java programs

so it will require some processing so it

will send this servlet request

to this application server it will

contact the

application data store

in order to process run this servlet and

fetch some

details from here and do further

processing

and then it will send a servlet response

to the web server and now this web

server has the

response built in so response ready so

it can

send http response back to the

web client so this is how web server

works

and this application server may not be

always required but it may be required

when some intense processing is required

which web server cannot handle so this

is a

rough idea and you should understand

this flow

now let's see some of the examples of

web servers so one

most popular web server is apache http

server

and its most popular as of now it's

developed by

apache software foundation

and just a rough estimate roughly 60

percent

of the web servers run apache web server

and it can be installed on

all operating systems including linux

unix windows

freebsd mac ox osx and more

and it's a open source software so all

of these

are related to its popularity that's why

it's so popular

then we have internet information

services or in sort iis

it's developed by microsoft

and it runs on windows nt 2000 and 2003

platforms

and it is tightly integrated with the

operating system

so it is easy to administer it then we

have some other web servers like lite pd

sun java system web server and jigsaw

server

there are a few more but those are not

that much popular

now we have a good understanding of web

server we also know

the most popular web servers how web

server functions

now let's quickly look at application

server

so application server is a server that

is specifically designed to

run applications and here also we had

seen that

this was coming into picture when this

web server did not had the request ready

and it needed to run some

java program to build the response

so it's a server designed for running

applications

and it includes both hardware and

software that

provide an environment for programs to

run

so what are some of the uses of

application server

it's used for running web applications

hosting a hypervisor that manages

virtual machines so what are hypervisors

these are software programs that manage

one or more virtual machines and these

can be used to create

start stop and reset virtual machines

then application server can be used for

distributing and monitoring software

updates and also processing data sent

from

another server now next question is why

we use application server we already

have some idea why we use application

server

so a web server if you see is designed

and often optimized

to serve web pages and not more than

that

therefore it may not have the resources

to run demanding web applications

so an application server provides the

processing power

and the memory to run these applications

in real time

it also provides the environment to run

specific applications

for example let's say a cloud service

may need to process a data

on a windows machine

and a linux based server may provide the

web interface for the cloud service

but it cannot run the windows

application it can just provide an

interface therefore it may send the

input data

to a windows based application server so

this web server

is running on linux and it has some

interface with which the the client can

interact but it cannot process

uh something some application which can

only run on a windows so it has to

contact

the application server which will be

running on windows

and then it will run that application

therefore may it may send input data to

a windows based server and the

application

server can process the data and then

return the result

to the web server once processing is

done

and which can be output

as the form of result on a web browser

so it can be sent to the client

so you see that here it's necessary

it cannot do it cannot be done on the

web server

so this is some intuition why we need

application server

just one of the reasons is that it

provides the environment

to run a specific application web server

may not have that environment

and it's more powerful it provides

processing power

memory as well as environment

so i hope i was able to clear your some

of your doubts regarding web server and

application server

thank you

Kali Linux vs Parrot Operating System

 

hello everyone it's zade from zed

security

and in this video i want to answer a

very common question that i get

which is what is the best hacking

operating system

is it kai linux is it pirate os do real

hackers

use these operating systems and what

about windows and osx

before we get into all of this please

make sure you like this video if you

enjoy my content

this makes the youtube algorithm push my

video more

it also tells me that you're enjoying my

content which will make me make more

videos

so more likes equals more videos

so first of all let's simplify the

situation forget about windows and os x

don't get me wrong they're good

operating systems for daily use

and for other uses but when it comes to

hacking they're just not that good

because a lot of the hacking tools are

simply not designed to work on windows

you can get them to work if you really

try to but they'll still be buggy

and in many cases it'll just be really

difficult to get them to work in windows

now i know what you're gonna say but

zade you use os x

and that's correct but i only use os x

for my daily use

i'm a big believer in separating your

domains

so i use osx for my daily use but i use

a hacking

operating system when i want to hack and

i also use several other different

operating systems

for different uses so i'd use tails or

cubes if i'm accessing the dark web

and i'd use other different operating

systems for different

uses you can do this by having different

computers

or you can actually install these

operating systems

as virtual machines and that's actually

what i do and you see me do it in my

courses

so i have a hacking operating system and

several other operating systems

all installed as virtual machines inside

os

x which is the computer that i use for

my daily use you can have them installed

inside your windows machine the one that

you use for your daily use that's not a

problem and then

use each one of them for a different

purpose for the purpose that they're

made for

so now that we have windows and os x out

of the way

we are left with linux so the question

now is

what is the best linux hacking distro

now if you know anything about linux you

know that there are

so many different flavors and different

linux distros

there are ones that are made for general

use there are ones for everyday

use there are ones for design and there

are linux destroys for hacking

and the most popular as you know kali

linux

and parrot os now to answer the question

which is best

it's very important to understand how

these linux distros are built

so we have a number of base

general use linux distros examples would

be debian

red hat and arch these are usually very

stable linux distros

that existed for a long period of time

and therefore

they're usually used as a base in order

to build

other distros for example we have a very

common linux distro called ubuntu

that is designed to be user friendly and

easy to use

ubuntu is built on debian but it comes

with a nicer graphical interface

with its own software manager and a

number of really useful programs

that make the operating system easier to

use

and more user-friendly another example

is mint

mint is built on ubuntu that is built on

debian

so you want to try to make debian more

user-friendly

but with the extra added features ubuntu

became resource hungry

therefore we have debian which combines

best of both worlds

so it uses its own graphical user

interface that is less resource hungry

but still maintains all of the user

friendliness

and the nice features that ubuntu offers

to help make debian

more user-friendly and easy to use so

these other hacking distros are no

different than all of the other linux

distros

they pick a base and they install a

number

of hacking tools on them so cali

pirate and backbox all are popular

hacking distros

and they're all built on debian we also

have

arch strike and black arch and they're

both built on arch

so if you think of it these hacking

operating systems

are simply normal linux distros that can

actually be used for any use you want

but someone came in and pre-installed a

number of hacking tools on them

so you're probably thinking now that i'm

full of and if this was the case

then why do people actually use these

operating systems if they don't offer

anything new

if they're simply linux operating

systems with tools well the answer is

very simple

it's convenience see back in the day

before we even had kali

before we even had backtrack which is

the old version of kali

we actually used to build our own

hacking distros if you want to call them

hacking distros

so you would go ahead and pick a linux

distro

that you like and you're comfortable

with and then you'd install

all of the hacking tools and the other

tools that you like yourself

and then you would make a backup of this

on a storage device or on

a cd and then you can install that on an

on a real computer or you can live boot

from it

and use it for hacking and for other

uses

to do this you had to first of all be

very comfortable with using linux

you have to know the tools that you want

to use for hacking you'll have to learn

how to properly install these tools and

configure them

and solve conflicts which is very very

annoying

and you might have to recompile the

kernel of your installing drivers and

doing some other

annoying tasks so as you can see there

is a bit of a learning curve to this

and even if you know all of this even if

you learned it and you streamlined the

process

it's still going to be time consuming

when there is updates when there's new

things to be made

it's still time consuming therefore a

bunch of really smart people at

offensive security

got the idea of making a team and making

a hacking distro

this team will work on this hacking

distro and publish it to the world

the world can also contribute to it and

this way

we will have an operating system that is

made for hacking

so we can install it it comes in with

all of the tools that we need to use

pre-configured and pre-installed so we

won't waste time

installing and configuring these tools

and that is the only reason people use

kali and such operating systems in order

to save time

so like i said kali started with

backtrack which was based on slacks

and then kali linux came in which is

based on debian

and right now we have the latest

versions of kali and parrot

and both of them are really really cool

operating systems in my opinion

there are other good up hacking

operating systems but i think

kali and pirate really take the

spotlight

these days but as these operating

systems grew

they tried to tailor for different

hacking fields and for different uses

so both of these operating systems now

come with thousands of tools

and you probably don't even know how to

use a lot of them

therefore you're installing these huge

operating systems with a huge amount of

tools

and you probably don't even need to use

a lot of these tools

these extra tools are using your

resources they are taking up space and

they're slowing down your computer

for no reason therefore in my opinion

now that these operating systems have

grew so much

and are trying to become a hacking

operating system

with the idea of one size fit all i feel

like we kind of need to go back

to where we started with you creating

your own hacking

operating system obviously once you know

that hacking is your thing and you want

to continue with this

then it is a very good idea to actually

build your own hacking operating system

because that way you'll only have the

tools that you want to use yourself

you'll also learn how to properly

install them and configure them so if

something breaks you'll be able to fix

it quickly

and it's not a problem that you have a

limited amount of tools

because let's say you learned a new

topic and you wanted to install new

tools

you can just go ahead and install these

tools and have them part

of your own hacking operating system

instead of downloading kali or

parrot with a thousand tools and you're

only using 10.

so bottom line is both kali and parrot

os

are great hacking operating systems

which one you want to use is a matter of

preference

but in my opinion the best thing to do

is to actually have your own hacking

operating systems

with the tools that you like yourself at

the end of the day

like i've been saying throughout the

whole video the operating system that

you use

does not matter it is the tools that are

important if you know how to use the

tools you can use them in any operating

system

and i know what you're thinking right

now why do i use kali linux in my

hacking courses

if i recommend creating your own hacking

distro the answer for this is very

simple

first of all convenience like i said it

saves

so much time of having to go and

download a bear linux and install

all the tools that you need to install

on it so it's a really good way to get

my students

starting and learning really quickly

it's also a great way for me to

introduce them to kali

and such operating systems and as we

said before

the operating system doesn't matter at

all it's the tools

that you use on this operating system so

once they learn hacking in my courses

and how to use the tools

in kali they can use these tools on any

operating system it doesn't really

matter

as long as they manage to install the

tools on that operating system

anyway that's just my personal opinion

let me know in the comments which

hacking distro you like the most

or do you use your own hacking distro

also don't forget to like the video if

you enjoy this content

and subscribe to the channel to stay

updated with the latest in cyber

What is Kali Linux

how to hack so today we will be going

through the kali

linux explain alright so before i do

that i have a wonderful news

okay so the first thing is we actually

have the following new changes

all right that can actually help us do

more tutorial for you so i can go ahead

and go into command prompt and i can

actually show you the new upgrade that

we got

so that we can actually put in more

systems more

service more applications so that we can

demonstrate

how an enterprise network is actually

looking like and then

how we can do ethical hacking and

penetration testing

on those tests labs environment in which

you have like your proxy servers your

directory service

your application systems and so on and

so forth so we can actually build up

a very very nice lab environment in

which we can test

all these different kind of exploits

vulnerabilities

and how enterprises could be trying to

protect your systems

so we got the amd 3900xt

all right so this is a 12 core all right

we have 12

core running to actually help us do all

this processing

as we begin to virtualize even more

systems

all right so that's the good news to

start off today's tutorial

okay so going back to call linux right

so the first question is

what is call of linux all right so call

linux

is an operating system all right very

similar to how for example you would use

your macintosh your windows 10 computer

your ubuntu all right and the list goes

on so this is a linux distribution

and it is of course created and

maintained by offensive security

and it was previously known as backtrack

so i was using backtrack

more than a decade ago more than 10

years ago and it already had all this

wonderful

tools software for us to actually do

adequate hacking and penetration testing

on whether you are

doing it as a penetration tester or

whether you're doing it and learning

about how

certain software could be run how we

could test certain networks and systems

and applications

so this is call linux an ethical hacking

penetration testing platform

okay so of course you can go into the

official

site which is kali.org okay so over here

we have the advanced penetration testing

distribution okay and of course it has

all the

tutorials the new updates of all the

software and so on

so one of those wonderful places that

you go to is to go to the top tab

click under download and click under

download call of linux

okay so over here the wonderful thing is

that we have a lot of different images

that you can use

to run color linux okay and you have

64-bit you can torrent them

okay or you can also download them if

you're for example running different

kind of virtualization technology like

vmware

virtualbox you can just download it

straight and all you got to do is double

click on it

and once you have for example oracle

virtualbox or vmware running

you can immediately get kala linux up

and running

in just a few minutes okay so this is a

wonderful way for us to actually start

using and learning colonics to get more

understanding about radical hacking

okay so moving back into call links so

let me log in

okay so this is the login page let me

log in into call linux

and of course in call linux i am

actually using it

all right as a platform

all right where i can also where i'm

also teaching

a lot of it professionals in the area of

cyber security

all right i've trained hundreds of it

professionals across the world

in terms of using kala linux and of

course you can see

all of the different kind of information

or different kind of payloads that have

created as part of all this training

and one of the important places that we

look at is actually on the top

left corner so this is the manual of

call linux

and they have actually broken down all

this different software for us

so you have your favorites recently used

and so and so forth

but the more important one here is zero

one zero two zero three zero four

all the way to number one three okay so

this

are how they have actually categorized

some of this software

and before i actually dive deeper into

what

each of this category does i also want

to share with you a little more about

for example some of you may be familiar

with the cyber attack framework

which was developed by lockheed martin

and of course there's also the michael

attack framework okay so this is a

knowledge base about foundation

of the development of certain threat

models methodologies

in the private sector in government in

the cyber security product and service

community

or as you can see over here so we have

the i attack miter.org

so we can see all of those information

as you scroll down

okay you have the different kind of

tactics

techniques that the hackers are using so

you have the initial access

execution persistence and so on and so

forth all the way

to the end all right so you can actually

see all of those different kind of

tactics and techniques all right the

techniques are listed over here okay so

for example if you want to look at

abuse elevation control mechanism you

can just go ahead and click

on it and it will give you more

information about sub techniques all

right so for example the subtechnics

here

set uid set gid bypass uac

all right so we have done a couple of

those privilege escalation tutorial and

as part of this

channel all right and then we have super

user do all right caching and so on

so all this gives us a wonderful way of

first understanding about how

disciple attackers do it and two in

terms of the mitigation strategy

and activities that we can put in place

to protect ourselves and our enterprises

against all these type of threats okay

so moving back

into colon linux so you can see some

sort of similarity

or of course in this case more from the

attacker's point of view

so we have for example like information

gathering okay so we have information

gathering it's about

gathering information of a network

a device a suite of devices within a

network or

even about an entity which is coming

from open source intelligence

platforms to help us find out more

details before we launch a attack

all right so you have for example here

dns analysis

you have ssl analysis smtp simple

mail transfer protocol and the list goes

on and you have all this common software

and we have

quite a number of them in terms of

helping us list down

the number of devices in a network all

right so this help us

understand for example how many mobile

devices is in the walls network

how many devices are there in the

network whether they are macintosh now

we're attached storage windows computers

mobile devices we can find all of that

from here

okay and moving on to zero two we have

vulnerability analysis

okay so this is the part where we are

scanning the devices looking up for

certain information where we can try to

break open certain openings

in which we can gain access into the

device so i always go back to the very

straightforward use case that we do

as part of a cyber attack so think of it

again like how a

robber would go breaking into a house

okay so what the robbers will do

is that they will first gather

information about

a particular location about a particular

building or a house or residential area

so they will look at the house look at

the vicinity

is there any nearby police station is

there any

high walls that we need to climb what

kind of fans are they using

and how many doors does this house have

how many

windows do they have on the first floor

so all these are the different

information that they're gathering

about that particular house right just

like how we get our information of a

particular network

all right and then we have to begin

scanning for vulnerabilities

so what do i mean by vulnerabilities

we're looking for

places that can give us access into the

house

okay so maybe this house does not have a

high wall so we can easily jump

through the walls and gain access into

the house

and maybe in the house there are 10

windows on the first floor and

one of the windows is always open in

which the

the robbers can easily just jump through

the window and gain access to the house

after which they will begin all right

finding out where are the cash the

valuables

inside the house so of course in the

cyber world we're looking for critical

data

all right so once we gain access to

critical data or like financial

information

credit card details personal data once

we gain access to them right so that

means the hackers

have access to those systems

applications and those key data

all right and on xero tree we have web

application analysis so we have been

doing a lot

of web application penetration testing

series as well

where we demonstrate how many different

of this sites could be vulnerable to

different kind of hacks

so we went through and using of course

open web application security project

and looking at some of this

electronic homicide as an example of how

hackers could do cross-site scripting

cross-site request forgery trying to do

sql injection to gain access

into other parts of the sites all right

so we have actually went through a lot

of them and as you can see over here

right we have

cms right content management system so

we're trying to identify

what kind of platform technology that

you're running so that

we can conduct specific and create

specific payloads to go

and target against a particular site we

have proxy

web crawlers directory systems so we

even had one tutorial where we could

find out where is the login page for the

administrators right so those

were the kind of different tutorials

that we were doing previously and burp

street i know i got a lot of requests

for burp suite so

i would do a tutorial okay a couple of

tutorials on this

coming soon all right so do do watch out

for those tutorials

and we've gone through all this

different kind of technology and

platforms for us to do

analysis of those sites especially in an

automated way

but burp suite give us the option to be

more manual to actually customize our

payload

and inject them specifically into

different input forms

zero four is database assessment so this

is the part

where the hackers go directly into the

database system to try to extract data

all right so we have done number

tutorial on this and of course

sql map is one of the most used tool

okay to actually conduct

sql injection to try to gain access into

the database system and it could

help us quickly map out the structure of

the database

and be able to flag out certain tables

with sensitive data

with passwords and try to even crack

crack them open

and with sql like database browser right

so a lot of

new modern and web mobile applications

actually need somewhere to store

some of the data so a lot of this

different data could be stored inside a

sql lite

file so we can actually browse them

using the sqlite database browser so we

have done

a couple of tutorial on mobile

application penetration testing too

password attacks so password attacks are

mainly segregated

into two forms all right so one is the

offline attack and the other one is

online attack

all right so online attack means that we

do a direct

attack against the server to try to gain

entry into those credentials

and for offline attacks offline attacks

we are actually

targeting all right based on the

data that we have extracted so once we

have extracted those data what we will

do is we will try

to crack those passwords that we found

all right so that's the whole idea of

password attacks

and we can also look at some of the

usage of the software here that's been

created like

john medusa word list that we also have

used very very frequently together with

other platforms

attacks all right so you can get

yourself a couple of wireless adapters

and we can put them into the promiscuous

mode

and we can start sniffing for data in

the network and looking at how

data are being transacted in the

vicinity in the area so that's part of

wallace attacks

and more than 10 years ago i was already

using aircrack ng

all right so this is actually very very

useful in

helping us crack certain wireless

networks

all right and we have reverse

engineering all right so this is the

part where we can look

into the software and look at the

assembly language of how

they actually call certain functions and

be able to map out

how their how their application code

could be running logically

and they're looking at places where it

could possibly inject

into the into the software to gain

access to the system

we have exploitation tools like mata

supply framework that we have done

a lot of tutorials on in which we learn

about how we can

target a specific system and run those

payloads

with a shell all right so that we have a

access into the system

and looking at the different modules as

part of metasploit framework to

run our attack okay and we've also

looked into

social engineering toolkit as a way for

us to also

target users on the psychological end

of the attack right so this is how the

fraudsters

all these scammers is to try to trick

users into giving up their usernames

passwords personal data and so on

all right then we have sniffing and

spoofing all right so this is the part

where you could

possibly set up a fake wireless access

point and as people

gain access to your fake wireless access

point you could see all those data

they're going in and out of the system

or if you manage to join a network you

could actually run

a sniffing right to look at certain data

that's been transacted in the

environment

and be able to view into those payload

we have post exploitation so this is the

part where you gain access in the system

and you may want to correct the password

you may want to gain elevated privileges

so those are the different kind of

modules available

as part of post exploitation so we have

went through on mimikatz

powersploit all right and we'll try to

go through the rest of the other

software

or even writing those software ourselves

we have forensics

okay so this is the part where we have

not gone through at all yet

as part of the channel but definitely

really exciting topic and domain that we

will

look deeply into in future tutorials so

do stay tuned for that

reporting tools okay so if you're a

penetration tester at the end of day

whether you are

doing your internal or external

penetration testing you definitely need

to be able

to generate reports to provide them back

to the stakeholders and let them be in

form of

where you detect the vulnerabilities so

again going back to the earlier analogy

about how robbers go after houses so

what we're trying to do here

is to be the good guys all right so

you're scanning

the house ahead and you're scanning the

doors the windows

assessing the security posture of the

house

and of course in the cyber world

security posture of the enterprise

and once you look into all these

different systems applications devices

network equipments and so on and you

find out and flag out where are the

vulnerabilities

and then you prioritize them because

depending on the criticality of those

vulnerabilities and how easy

and dangerous they are if they are

exploited and then giving a

recommendation

back to the stakeholders about what they

should do in order to contain

all right and or of course in order to

remediate against those vulnerabilities

before the hackers do it

okay and again social engineering tools

okay we have no tago we have social

engineering toolkit

msf payload creator npc so again

very very good ways for us to launch

attacks where we could get usernames and

passwords

so rather than doing all the technical

stuff why not couple it together with

how

the hackers could be doing up a fake

login page to get usernames or passwords

through phishing attacks okay so this

are the different

components or categories inside call

linux as part

of how we can perform adequate hacking

and penetration testing

so once again i hope you've learned

something valuable in today's

tutorial and if you have any questions

feel free to leave a comment below and

i'll try my best to answer any of your

questions

and remember like share and subscribe to

channel so that you can be kept abreast

of the latest

cyber security tutorial thank you so

much once again for watching